Florida

Putting Education Reform To The Test

Opinion

Algebra Isn’t Enough: Make Precalculus A Bright Futures Requirement

Florida State University physics professor Paul Cottle.

Florida State University

Florida State University physics professor Paul Cottle.

While Florida’s Bright Futures scholarships no longer pay the entire tuition bill at the state’s public universities as they once did, they are still a valuable source of financial support for thousands of students.

Recent increases in the minimum scores on SAT and ACT college entrance exams required for Bright Futures eligibility have sparked some discussion and an investigation – now closed – by the Office of Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education.

But aside from the test score requirements, the only high school courses required for Bright Futures eligibility are those required for high school graduation.  In math, that means that only Algebra 1 and Geometry are presently required to earn a Bright Futures scholarship.

The conventional wisdom among education policy-makers and scholars has been that Algebra 2 is the high school math course that makes a student “college-ready,” and by that standard the math course requirement for Bright Futures falls short.

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Opinion: Florida Universities Should Invest In More Hands-On Science Lessons

An example of a hands-on science classroom. Paul Cottle says students are more engaged than with a traditional lecture.

Courtesy of Paul Cottle.

An example of a hands-on science classroom. Paul Cottle says students are more engaged than with a traditional lecture.

As a physics professor at one of Florida’s public universities, I am always looking for ways to encourage students and their parents to take on the challenge of majoring in science or engineering in college.

A few weeks ago, I visited with parents of middle and high school students who attend a science-oriented school near downtown Orlando.  The parents wanted to know how to keep their kids on track for science and engineering careers.  I told them that their kids should keep taking math and science courses – including calculus and physics – all the way through high school.

And then I shared what I think are the two most important things for future scientists and engineers (and their parents) to look for in a college.  One is classroom instruction that actively engages students and is based on studies on how students learn best.  The second is the opportunity for students to get involved in cutting-edge scientific research programs early in their undergraduate years.

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Essay: How To Teach Brown V. Board To A Class Of All Black Students

Sixty years after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, not all classrooms reflect the dream of desegregation.

stockimages / freedigitalphotos.net

Sixty years after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, not all classrooms reflect the dream of desegregation.

Here’s a question: How do you teach a class of all black students in an all black school that Brown v. Board of Education ended segregation decades ago?

That isn’t a hypothetical question, but one I remember clearly asking myself. I was teaching American History for the first time in one of our nation’s many embarrassingly homogeneous schools. I could not, with a straight face, teach my students that segregation had ended.  They’d think that either they or I didn’t know what the word segregation meant.    Continue Reading

Classroom Contemplations: Why One Teacher Left The Classroom To Work With Death Row Inmates

A former Miami-Dade teacher says she got little help dealing with the stress of teaching.

Kendra Martinez / Flickr

A former Miami-Dade teacher says she got little help dealing with the stress of teaching.

Editor’s note: Names of teachers and students have been changed.

Marie Roberts is the kind of person most education policy-makers dream of attracting to the teaching profession.   She intelligent, sensitive and able to handle a classroom full of teenagers. She is herself a public school graduate and an Ivy League-educated woman of color.

She’s also the teacher highlighted in an earlier post about adding value — the teacher whose students demanded “small books.” She responded by securing a class set of novels to help them experience an authentic reading experience.

But despite her commitment to children and to education, she left the classroom after three years.

“I left teaching because I didn’t know how to make it sustainable,” she told me.  “I didn’t have the resources or the tools professionally or emotionally [to deal with] all the demands of the students that weren’t just academic or even just social.  There was always more work to be done—I never felt a task was complete.  There was always more.”

Many new teachers often feel overwhelmed because, like Roberts, they are often assigned to the most difficult schools.  Her first year was in a large high school in a high-poverty neighborhood in Miami-Dade County.

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Classroom Contemplations: Teacher Left Because “It Was Hard To Hone My Craft”

One reason teachers say they leave the field? Not enough training or feedback.

John O'Connor / StateImpact Florida

One reason teachers say they leave the field? Not enough training or feedback.

Editor’s note: Names of teachers and students have been changed.

How often do budding investment bankers leave the field in their mid-20s to try their hand at teaching?

Not often.  And that’s only one of the things that makes Henry Rodriguez special.  We met him earlier in this series as he helped a disengaged student find her voice as a consumer educator.  Rodriguez fits the mold of what many say the profession is looking for.  He’s young, well-educated, vibrant and personable — and great with kids.

Rodriguez told me he was attracted by the promise of the field of education and its significance.

“I wanted to make an impact on a personal level instead of just on the bottom line,” he said.

He did just that for four years.  I heard very positive things about Rodriguez from both his colleagues and a former student.

But now he’s gone back into the private sector, this time in technology instead of finance,  and in our conversation he mentioned a few reasons he left, reasons that help begin to explain why the teaching profession loses half of its recruits within the first five years.

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Classroom Contemplations: Why Teachers Leave The Classroom

Half of all teachers leave the classroom within five years, according to one study.

dpapworth / Flickr

Half of all teachers leave the classroom within five years, according to one study.

We all agree that every student should have good teachers.

I think we also agree that there are three ways to improve the teaching force:

  • We must get “bad” teachers who cannot or will not improve out of the classroom

  • We must help “mediocre” teachers improve.

  • We must keep “good” teachers in the classroom.

Now, time for some of the critical thinking we ask of our students: Of these strategies, which is the easiest?

I would argue that it’s the third. It simply requires us to keep people in the classroom who are already there.

So, how are we doing with this?

Richard Ingersoll, a professor in the Graduate School of Education at the University of Pennsylvania, has done a lot of work looking at the changing workforce of teaching. He has found that nearly half of all teachers leave the profession within the first five years.

Half.

We’re not doing a bad job at retaining teachers. We’re doing an abysmal job.

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Classroom Contemplations: How Teachers Find Success From Failure

Paying a student to read Animal Farm didn't inspire him to read more. But he reminded the teacher of who she should be in the classroom.

markhillary / Flickr

Paying a student to read Animal Farm didn't inspire him to read more. But he reminded the teacher of who she should be in the classroom.

Editor’s note: Names of students and teachers have been changed.

Knowing we were going to be talking about former students, Lisa Perry told me she got out some letters she had saved and read through them.  The exercise inspired her to get in touch with four of her students from over 20 years ago.  (“Facebook is a wonderful thing,” she told me.)

But it also showed her some themes about her teaching, things that were mentioned repeatedly by students as they expressed appreciation.

Perry told me that she saw again and again phrases like: “You really opened my eyes;” “You valued what I said;” “You took me into the world of literature and helped me relate it to life.”

But her most memorable story was what she sees as her failure as a teacher.

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Classroom Contemplations: What Silicon Valley Tells Us About Evaluating Performance

Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer.

Beck Diefenbach / Reuters/Landov

Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer.

Editor’s note: Names of teachers and students have been changed.

Are search engines really more complicated than children?

That question occurred to me last week when the annual earnings report for Yahoo! came out and it became clear that CEOs are cut a lot more slack than teachers are.

New Yahoo! CEO Marissa Mayer was hired with much fanfare last year and tasked with turning the company around (or at least bringing it out of the doldrums in relation to its competitors).  She just finished her first year so I expected these revenue numbers were going to tell us whether she was doing a good job or not

It turns out that Yahoo! revenue was down — 7 percent as compared to the same point the year before.  If advertising commissions were taken out of the revenue numbers, it was a 1 percent decline.

And revenue in the private sector is the bottom line, right?  So I guess Marissa Mayer was a failure.

Not according to Yahoo!  Mayer wasn’t fired.  Her salary wasn’t cut.  In fact, it was supplemented.

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Classroom Contemplations: Helping Students Find Their Voice

A teacher's civics lessons inspired a student to create a consumer education club.

zappowbang / Flickr

A teacher's civics lessons inspired a student to create a consumer education club.

Editor’s note: Names of teachers and students have been changed.

Henry Rodriguez had a lot of ideas as a young, energetic teacher.  He wanted to make his civics class relevant and to help his students be more aware of what was going on in the world.  One of his ideas involved requiring his kids to watch a brief news program every morning for the whole year.

At first, students had to write simple summaries of what happened, but then the exercise got more advanced as the year progressed.  Rodriguez helped them start to build a narrative about the news, no longer just summarizing, but connecting the dots and predicting the effects of events. They wrote about how things were related, and more.

But activities like that don’t automatically turn students into engaged learners, no matter how well-designed, and some students continued to remain relatively unaware and uninvolved.  Rodriguez described one student, Carmen, as oblivious to the world around her.

“She was just going through the motions of life,” he says.

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Classroom Contemplations: A Student, On The Value A Teacher Added

You pay teachers for the lessons. The advice is included for free.

Daniel Y. Go

You pay teachers for the classroom work. The advice is included for free.

Editor’s note: Names of teachers and students have been changed.

While most of these stories about the values teachers add come from the teacher’s point of view, I thought it would be interesting to hear one from a student.

Benny Rawlings went to a middle school in Miami.

“It was not a great school,” he said. “There were hallways you couldn’t walk down.  You either had to find somewhere to hide or find strength in numbers.”

This environment was part of the reason that Benny joined a gang.

But that didn’t mean he gave up on school.  While he played dumb sometimes in classes, he also would occasionally tell his other classmates to pay attention — particularly in his social studies class.

He thinks this is what drew the attention of his teacher, Mr. Edmonds.

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