{"id":40131,"date":"2015-04-14T06:00:41","date_gmt":"2015-04-14T11:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/?p=40131"},"modified":"2015-04-13T16:47:51","modified_gmt":"2015-04-13T21:47:51","slug":"as-deadline-nears-for-texas-haze-rule-a-look-at-how-lawsuits-shape-regulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/2015\/04\/14\/as-deadline-nears-for-texas-haze-rule-a-look-at-how-lawsuits-shape-regulation\/","title":{"rendered":"As Deadline Nears for Texas Haze Rule, A Look at How Lawsuits Shape Regulation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_39994\"  class=\"wp-caption module image right\" style=\"max-width: 300px;\"><a class=\"fancybox\" title=\"Haze is visible in the distance at Big Bend National Park.\" href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/03\/Mary-Ann-Photo-1.jpg\" rel=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39994\" alt=\"Haze is visible in the distance at Big Bend National Park.\" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/03\/Mary-Ann-Photo-1-300x200.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/03\/Mary-Ann-Photo-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/03\/Mary-Ann-Photo-1-620x413.jpg 620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/03\/Mary-Ann-Photo-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Mary Ann Melton<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haze is visible in the distance at Big Bend National Park.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em><strong>Note: This is a text version of a <a href=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/2015\/03\/27\/regional-haze-the-war-on-coal-and-how-environmental-policy-is-made\/\">previously posted<\/a> radio story.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>One week remains for the public <a href=\"http:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-R06-OAR-2014-0754-0045\">to comment<\/a> on an Environmental Protection Agency proposal to reduce smog in one of Texas most beloved national parks. The EPA&#8217;s<a href=\"https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/articles\/2014\/12\/16\/2014-28930\/approval-and-promulgation-of-implementation-plans-texas-and-oklahoma-regional-haze-state\"> plan<\/a> to limit so-called &#8216;regional haze&#8217; is one of a slew of new air quality rules that have critics\u00a0accusing the EPA of waging a &#8216;war on coal.&#8217; But the reality of environmental policy-making, and the years of lawsuits that it often entails, is more complicated than the rhetoric.<\/p>\n<p>To see how, look no farther than the hazy skies over Far West Texas.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBig Bend National Park and Big Bend State Park. They are beautiful,&#8221; says Mary Ann Melton of the region. She&#8217;s a\u00a0photographer who\u2019s been visiting there since the 1970s.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/197946889&amp;color=ff5500&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=false&amp;show_comments=true&amp;show_user=true&amp;show_reposts=false\" height=\"166\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\u201cYou can see 100 miles on a clear day. You\u2019re looking over the valley, you\u2019re about 1800 feet high off the floor of the river, and you can see far into Mexico and mountain ranges far into Mexico.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Just not on a recent trip last year.<\/p>\n<p><!--more-->\u201cWe didn\u2019t photograph that day,&#8221; she says. &#8220;Because there was this brown\u00a0haze\u00a0that probably went a third of the distance from the valley floor to about a third of the way up the mountains.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"related-content alignleft\"><h4 class=\"related-header\">Related<\/h4><div class=\"links\"><h5>Posts<\/h5><ul><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/2014\/09\/30\/will-texas-even-bother-trying-to-comply-with-epas-clean-power-plan\/\">Will Texas Even Bother Trying to Comply With EPA\u2019s Clean Power Plan?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/2015\/01\/21\/us-geological-survey-to-increase-earthquakes-risk-levels-in-texas\/\">US Geological Survey to Increase Earthquake Risk Levels in Texas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/2014\/08\/22\/big-bend-national-park-bans-drones\/\">Big Bend National Park Bans Drones<\/a><\/li><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/2015\/02\/23\/west-texas-to-mexico-pipelines-on-track-for-2017-finish\/\">West Texas to Mexico Pipelines On Track for 2017 Finish<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"topics\"><h5>Topics<\/h5><p class=\"topic\"><img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2011\/08\/Screen-shot-2011-11-07-at-7.27.37-AM-60x60.png\" height=\"60\" width=\"60\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/topic\/tceq\/\">What Is The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality?<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>This\u00a0haze is nothing new.\u00a0 A lot of it comes from coal power plants\u00a0far away from Big Bend. State and federal officials have been trying to fight it for years, and most recently the\u00a0EPA\u00a0stepped in with its own proposal. That queued up some outrage in Texas over federal overreach. But the proposal wasn&#8217;t exactly the product of the\u00a0EPA&#8217;s own initiative. It was prompted by a lawsuit brought against the agency by environmental groups.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;When you get a plan in from the state you are required to take action,&#8221;\u00a0says Guy Donaldson, who\u2019s in charge of air quality at the\u00a0EPA\u2019s Region Six office in Dallas.\u00a0&#8220;If we don\u2019t, we are challenged and can be put on a court-ordered deadline. We are on that here.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Donaldson says\u00a0the\u00a0EPA\u00a0can fall behind in its regulatory duties because of a lack of &#8220;resources.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Ping Pong Game of Lawsuits<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The closer you look at the battles over regulation being fought over the last few years, the more you see lawsuits everywhere.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLitigation has been a big part of this process, from the very beginning,&#8221; says\u00a0David Spence, a Professor of Law, Politics &amp; Regulation at the University of Texas at Austin.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_40148\"  class=\"wp-caption module image right\" style=\"max-width: 198px;\"><a class=\"fancybox\" title=\"David Spence is Professor, Law, Politics &amp; Regulation at UT Austin. \" href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/spencepic.jpg\" rel=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40148\" alt=\"David Spence is Professor, Law, Politics &amp; Regulation at UT Austin. \" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/spencepic-198x300.jpg\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/spencepic-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/spencepic-620x936.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">UT Austin<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Spence is Professor, Law, Politics &amp; Regulation at UT Austin.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Spence says the creation of environmental policy follows &#8220;a pattern of the\u00a0EPA\u00a0doing some things and not doing others. And whoever is unhappy with what the\u00a0EPA\u00a0is doing or not doing sues to try to get the\u00a0EPA\u00a0to do what they want.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>You can go online and find\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ogc\/noi.html\" target=\"_blank\">lists of lawsuits<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0EPA\u00a0is facing, and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uschamber.com\/rules-and-agency-actions-resulting-sue-and-settle-cases-pending-or-final-2009-2012\" target=\"_blank\">\u00a0lists of regulations<\/a>\u00a0it\u2019s gone to court over. Regulating greenhouse gases? That was Massachusetts v.\u00a0EPA. Rules to limit mercury emissions? The result of legal battles going way back.<\/p>\n<p>Opponents of the regulations, including the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uschamber.com\/report\/sue-and-settle-regulating-behind-closed-doors\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Chamber of Commerce<\/a>, accuse the\u00a0EPA\u00a0and environmentalists of colluding in a &#8220;sue and settle&#8221; strategy to enact regulations. But the fact is it&#8217;s not only environmental groups that sue. It&#8217;s\u00a0also businesses and states, and many of them are suing to weaken the rules, not strengthen them.<\/p>\n<p>The legal back-and-forth is almost like a game of ping pong. Spence points to the\u00a0EPA&#8217;s new mercury emissions rule as an example. He calls it &#8220;one of the more controversial rules we\u2019re seeing right now.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>That rule was first proposed under President Bill Clinton.\u00a0But the Bush administration reversed it. Environmental groups sued, and the Bush era\u00a0EPA\u00a0rules were struck down.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;So the current mercury rule is sort of the reviving of that first mercury rule from the Clinton administration,&#8221; says Spence.<\/p>\n<p>But the\u00a0EPA\u00a0has been sued again over the rule. The Supreme Court just heard arguments this week from opponents saying the rule will be too costly.<\/p>\n<p>So does the game of ping pong ever end?<\/p>\n<p><strong>End Game<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lawsuits may seem like a crazy way to regulate the environment. But some say they may be the only way, especially in times of political gridlock.\u00a0 At very least, the rules that result from legal battles have been pressure-tested. They are probably not going anywhere, no matter who is in the White House.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_40150\"  class=\"wp-caption module image left\" style=\"max-width: 300px;\"><a class=\"fancybox\" title=\"Representatives of the EPA hear public comment on proposed regional haze rules in Austin earlier this year. \" href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/EPA-hearing-photo.jpg\" rel=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-40150\" alt=\"Representatives of the EPA hear public comment on proposed regional haze rules in Austin earlier this year. \" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/EPA-hearing-photo-300x163.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/EPA-hearing-photo-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/files\/2015\/04\/EPA-hearing-photo-620x337.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Mose Buchele<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representatives of the EPA hear public comment on proposed regional haze rules in Austin earlier this year.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8220;Once you propose and finalize a rule, it is a law, and repealing that rule involves a similar kind of process,&#8221; says Spence. &#8220;So once something is\u00a0enshrined\u00a0in the code of federal regulation there are\u00a0transaction costs associated with getting it pulled back.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is an end game, ultimately,&#8221;\u00a0echoes Brad Watson.\u00a0&#8220;and we\u2019ve seen that with a couple of prominent rules.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Watson represents some of the\u00a0people\u00a0who stand to lose the most from the\u00a0EPA&#8217;s clean air regulations. He is a\u00a0spokesman for Luminant, a company that owns coal power plants in Texas.<\/p>\n<p>Luminant is opposed to the\u00a0EPA\u2019s regional\u00a0haze\u00a0proposal, saying it could drive electricity prices up, maybe even shut down some power plants. When the rule is finalized,\u00a0Luminant and other groups will decide whether to sue.\u00a0But, Watson says, Luminant is also wary of endless legal wrangling.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAny American business likes certainty about the regulatory outlook,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>As for the outlook in Far West Texas? Photographer Mary Ann Melton went back to the Big Bend this year. She says it had just rained, and the\u00a0haze\u00a0was not so bad.<\/p>\n<p>In the long-term, the law mandates that the haze be fixed by 2064.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;So this is not a torch that I&#8217;m going to carry all the way to the finish line,&#8221; says the\u00a0EPA&#8217;s Donaldson.<\/p>\n<p>When asked if he was saddened by that, he replied with a chuckle.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A little bit,&#8221; he said, &#8220;but there are other people that can pick it up.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The EPA will received public comment on the regional haze proposal until April 20th. You can comment online <a href=\"http:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-R06-OAR-2014-0754-0045\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Note: This is a text version of a previously posted radio story. One week remains for the public to comment on an Environmental Protection Agency proposal to reduce smog in one of Texas most beloved national parks. The EPA&#8217;s plan to limit so-called &#8216;regional haze&#8217; is one of a slew of new air quality rules [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[60],"tags":[39],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40131"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40131"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40160,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40131\/revisions\/40160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/texas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}