{"id":34542,"date":"2022-02-10T10:02:46","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T16:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/?p=34542"},"modified":"2022-02-10T13:51:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T19:51:07","slug":"a-world-of-wounds-decline-in-grasshopper-populations-offers-window-into-consequences-of-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/2022\/02\/10\/a-world-of-wounds-decline-in-grasshopper-populations-offers-window-into-consequences-of-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;A world of wounds&#8217;: Decline in grasshopper populations offers window into consequences of climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px; margin-bottom: 20px; border-radius: 6px; overflow: hidden;\"><iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 200px;\" src=\"https:\/\/player.captivate.fm\/episode\/92fb8747-ae3f-410b-bf88-760f0117b8e9\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a few months, the Konza Prairie will be teeming with jumping, chirping, munching grasshoppers. But more than likely, not as many as last year.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the last two decades, the grasshoppers of the Konza Prairie Biological Station in Manhattan, Kansas, have been declining \u2014 even as their main food source, grass, has nearly doubled in abundance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It caught the attention of Ellen Welti, who currently works as a research ecologist with the Smithsonian Institution. But while she was working on her first postdoc at OU, she led a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/117\/13\/7271\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study that measured long-term trends in grasshopper populations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the Konza Prairie. It was an undertaking that won her one of the highest honors in her field: <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasonline.org\/news-and-multimedia\/news\/pnas-cozzarelli-2020.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Cozzarelli Prize<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c[Konza Prairie] is kind of the perfect ecosystem for grasshoppers,\u201d Welti said. \u201cBut when I looked at [the data] more in-depth, we do see this pretty striking 2%-per-year decline in grasshopper populations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_34544\"  class=\"wp-caption module image aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 672px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34544\" src=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-672x448.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-672x448.jpg 672w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-620x413.jpg 620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags-1620x1080.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Freezer-Bags.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Beth Wallis\/StateImpact Oklahoma<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kansas State University professor Jesse Nippert holds a bag of frozen grasshoppers collected from the Konza Prairie. He said the storing the grasshoppers allows them to be studied for years to come.<\/p>\n<\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Konza grasshoppers have declined by over 30% in the last 22 years. Welti and a team of researchers from the University of Oklahoma, the University of Illinois and Kansas State University decided to chemically analyze the grass to see what was going on with the insect\u2019s food source. They found that even though the grassland\u2019s biomass had nearly doubled, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus had been diluted by 40-90%.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The more carbon dioxide (CO2) that\u2019s released into the air, the more the grass grows. But there is a finite amount of nutrients to go around, so each blade of grass ends up with less nutrients. The grasshoppers can only eat so much grass to meet their nutritional needs, and according to the research team, those needs are going widely unmet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welti said though nutrient dilution has been shown in previous studies to be associated with increased CO2, climate change may also play a role.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt could also definitely be related to changes in climate,\u201d Welti said. \u201cSo of course, we all know that if you water plants more, they grow bigger. And sometimes when the temperature is hotter, plants can have more growth as well. So these changes in climate are also affecting how much plants grow\u2026 in addition to increasing CO2.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jesse Nippert, a biology professor at Kansas State University who worked on the Welti study, explained some of the complexities that went into reading the data. He said climate drivers cause \u201cboom and bust\u201d years of insect populations. Changes in air temperature, as well as precipitation timing and amount, can also impact grasshopper populations. When the data was analyzed in the long-term aggregate, trends began to emerge.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_34546\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 672px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34546\" src=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-672x448.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-672x448.jpg 672w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-620x413.jpg 620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert-1620x1080.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Jesse-Nippert.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Beth Wallis\/StateImpact Oklahoma<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Jesse Nippert stands in his office at Kansas State University. Much of Nippert&#8217;s work focuses on the Konza Prairie.<\/p>\n<\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s only with long-term ecological data, where you can look at responses potentially over decades, that it becomes a little bit more reliable to link changes in the population of an organism to discrete drivers like global change, nutrient dilution, climate anomalies, things like that,\u201d Nippert said. \u201cThat\u2019s really one of the key strengths of this paper, is this long-term data-related record that provides a little bit more strength for understanding what\u2019s driving these responses.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Kaspari, an OU biology professor and researcher who also worked on the Welti study, said it\u2019s one of few studies with access to long-term data. The study at Konza was unique \u2014 using decades of collected grass samples from an untreated, controlled prairie. It\u2019s a study that, because of its utilization of long-term data, provides a more comprehensive and accurate look at what\u2019s going on.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOne of the biggest challenges as an ecologist is to understand long-term trends,\u201d Kaspari said. \u201cAnd one of the problems with that is that it\u2019s darn difficult for one person to organize something that they\u2019re going to do every year for 20 years.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_34547\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 672px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34547\" src=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-672x448.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-672x448.jpg 672w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-620x413.jpg 620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags-1620x1080.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Grass-Bags.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Beth Wallis\/StateImpact Oklahoma<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bags full of grass gathered from the Konza Prairie line the walls in a storage room at Kansas State University. The decades of stored grasses allowed researchers access to a unique, long-term dataset.<\/p>\n<\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The issue of nutrient dilution doesn\u2019t exist only at Konza. Around the world, climate change, increased CO2 content and a concentration on agricultural yields have caused ecosystems and crops to become less nutrient dense. From the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/oik.08619\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kelp forests of the coast of California <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-78504-x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wheat fields of England<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, plants around the world are becoming less nutritious.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irakli Loladze has been <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/agenda\/story\/2017\/09\/13\/food-nutrients-carbon-dioxide-000511\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">raising the red flag on nutrient dilution for decades<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. His <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dropbox.com\/s\/zdr12iudispshfd\/Loladze%20-%202002%20-%20Rising%20atmospheric%20CO2%20and%20human%20nutrition%20toward%20globally%20imbalanced%20plant%20stoichiometry.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2002 paper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was one of the first to point to rising CO2 levels as the culprit for nutrient dilution, as well as how the issue could have detrimental effects on human nutrition, especially in developing countries.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2014, Loladze also <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/325390319_Hidden_shift_of_the_ionome_of_plants_exposed_to_elevated_CO2_depletes_minerals_at_the_base_of_human_nutrition\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published a meta-analysis of 7761 observations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the effect of CO2 on plants. The study showed a significant decrease in overall mineral concentrations, caused by an increase in carbohydrate production. In other words, when plant abundance went up, nutritional quality generally went down.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loladze uses the term \u201chidden hunger\u201d to describe the phenomenon in which people consume enough calories, but not enough nutrients. He emphasized the connection between CO2-induced depletion of minerals and human nutrition is an issue that\u2019s far from settled in the scientific community, and more research is needed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loladze said the Welti study, combined with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa67a4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">other research on declines in cattle growth<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to low-quality forage, presents troubling implications.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c[The Welti study researchers] portrayed this worrying picture that herbivores, whether it\u2019s insects or mammals, they might be affected by this continuously rising, year-over-year CO2 concentrations,\u201d Loladze said. \u201cI think it\u2019s a great study.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to its effect on insects and potentially humans, nutrient dilution also has implications for more herbivores, like bison. Researchers at the Konza Prairie Biological Station track the bison living there, and they found in wet years with higher grass growth, the animals put on less weight than in drier years.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe same ideas that we see in grasshoppers, we\u2019ve also seen in our captive bison herd,\u201d Nippert said.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_34543\"  class=\"wp-caption module image alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 672px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34543\" src=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-672x476.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"672\" height=\"476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-672x476.jpg 672w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-1920x1361.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-1536x1089.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-620x440.jpg 620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison-1523x1080.jpg 1523w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/files\/2022\/02\/Bison.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-media-credit\">Beth Wallis\/StateImpact Oklahoma<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bison stands in the grass at the Konza Prairie. Like grasshoppers, bison have also been impacted by nutrient dilution.<\/p>\n<\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea that forage quality is declining is nothing new to ranchers, according to Oklahoma State University professor Sam Fuhlendorf. Fuhlendorf studies natural resource ecology and management, and he works with ranchers around the Great Plains. He said ranchers have been mitigating the problem with fertilizing, burning and supplemental feeding, but the costs add up.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhen fertilizers are cheap, then people can put a lot on, and you could potentially \u2026 lead to increased problems with water or something else,\u201d Fuhlendorf said. \u201cBut when [fertilizers are] expensive, they tend to be a little more cautious, and they don\u2019t want to put more on than they need.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2021, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.agriculture.com\/markets\/newswire\/farmers-ask-us-justice-department-to-investigate-fertilizer-price-spikes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fertilizer prices skyrocketed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in part due to soaring prices for the natural gas used to produce it, as well as severe storms in the US that disrupted production. But even when fertilizer prices are low, it can come with a different kind of cost.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/investigatemidwest.org\/2021\/11\/30\/excess-fertilizer-washed-from-midwestern-fields-is-slowly-poisoning-the-gulf-of-mexico\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fertilizer runoff is a major environmental concern<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in part leading to catastrophic dead zones, such as the one at the Gulf of Mexico. Fertilizers, soil erosion, animal waste and sewage travel down the Mississippi River to the gulf, creating a nearly uninhabitable environment for marine life. Landowners are having to balance fertilizer use not only with their wallets, but also with their potential impacts on the environment.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, Fuhlendorf said, agricultural conditions are changing, and farmers and ranchers will have to adapt.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWith landowners, I think they\u2019re starting to recognize that thinking the world\u2019s going to be the same as it was the last 30 years \u2014 it\u2019s probably not a good idea,\u201d Fuhlendorf said. \u201cAnd that there\u2019s a little bit of uncertainty in exactly where it\u2019s going to go.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The task of addressing climate change is daunting, and some researchers argue the world is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2020\/11\/12\/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-stop-climate-change-study\/3761882001\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">already past<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the \u201cpoint of no return\u201d on reigning it in. Nippert said something people can do to get involved is participating in citizen science initiatives that help researchers get a bigger picture of what\u2019s happening in local ecosystems. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildlifedepartment.com\/wildlife-diversity\/citizen-science-programs\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oklahoma Department of Wildlife<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/whatsinyourbackyard.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">University of Oklahoma<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> offer these environmental citizen science programs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welti\u2019s grasshopper study, while revealing, also highlights the bleak place humanity finds itself in as it reconciles a hunger for modernity and industrialism with the health of the planet. Kaspari said after the research team got the results of the study, he spent the next six months sitting with complicated emotions.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cEcologists tend to be both pessimists \u2014 because we live in a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/arocha.ca\/ecological-grief-alone-in-a-world-of-wounds\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">world of wounds<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2026 [and] you see all the damage that other people don\u2019t see \u2014 at the same time, so much of it seems to be fixable,\u201d Kaspari said.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said for example, if grasshoppers are declining due to pesticides, get rid of the pesticides. Science has helped fix problems with the ozone. If a prairie is being destroyed, plant more and preserve it. He said the solution to a problem like nutrient dilution, though, is something much more fundamental.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because ecosystems are so interconnected, Kaspari said the effects of losing grasshoppers could also in part be contributing to loss for other animals that rely on grasshoppers as a major food source, such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.audubon.org\/conservation\/working-lands\/grasslands-report\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">grassland birds<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tugging on one string of an ecosystem\u2019s web can cause ripple effects that stretch well beyond one species.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThis is the kind of existential problem that I think will eventually convince people that something like this is going on \u2014 if the chaotic weather doesn\u2019t do it,\u201d Kaspari said. \u201cBut it\u2019s going to take time to get that out. And then it\u2019s going to take time\u2026 to fix it. And I just realized, this is basically going to be the rest of my life that I\u2019m working on trying to even get the word out.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the research on climate change continues, the Konza Prairie grasshopper study offers a window into this \u201cworld of wounds,\u201d and humanity\u2019s leading role in it.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a few months, the Konza Prairie will be teeming with jumping, chirping, munching grasshoppers. But more than likely, not as many as last year.For the last two decades, the grasshoppers of the Konza Prairie Biological Station in Manhattan, Kansas, have been declining \u2014 even as their main food source, grass, has nearly doubled in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":216,"featured_media":34549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[491,1],"tags":[549,1379,1377,1380,1378],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/216"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34542"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34571,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34542\/revisions\/34571"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/oklahoma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}