{"id":18605,"date":"2013-05-20T05:00:24","date_gmt":"2013-05-20T09:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/?p=18605"},"modified":"2013-05-19T22:27:40","modified_gmt":"2013-05-20T02:27:40","slug":"florida-plans-increased-scrutiny-for-education-schools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/2013\/05\/20\/florida-plans-increased-scrutiny-for-education-schools\/","title":{"rendered":"Florida Plans Increased Scrutiny For Education Schools"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_18608\"  class=\"wp-caption module image center\" style=\"max-width: 620px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/?attachment_id=18608\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-18608\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18608\" title=\"5-20 UCFEdStudents\" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2013\/05\/5-20-UCFEdStudents-620x465.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2013\/05\/5-20-UCFEdStudents-620x465.jpg 620w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2013\/05\/5-20-UCFEdStudents-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">John O&#39;Connor \/ StateImpact Florida<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Central Florida elementary education students discuss how to incorporate books, maps, magazines and other materials into lesson plans.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Editor&#8217;s note: This post was authored by Sarah Butrymowicz with <\/em>The Hechinger Report<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lee-Anne Spalding\u2019s Elementary School Social Studies class at the University of Central Florida had spread out over the room in small groups.<\/p>\n<p>One group of sophomore college students huddled over a set of poetry books, picking out ones they liked. Others gathered around the white board as Spalding demonstrated how to they could embed sounds in their presentations. Spalding had cut into strips a timeline of the civil rights movement and a third group, sitting on the floor, was putting the events back into chronological order.<\/p>\n<p>In part, Spalding was providing content to her students by introducing them to materials they might use \u2013 like National Geographic magazines and the poetry books. But she was also modeling teaching strategies, like small group learning, and introducing activities, like the timeline exercise, that she hoped her students would someday mimic.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou are more likely to use the instructional strategies I\u2019m proposing to you if you actually do it,\u201d she told her students.<\/p>\n<p>UCF is the largest producers of teachers in the state; the university\u2019s education school enrolls more than 2,000 students. It prides itself on being one of the strongest\u2014if not the strongest\u2014teacher training program in Florida, a position it has gained, school officials say, by nimbly responding to changes in the profession. But there is no real way to test that claim. The university, like many education schools across the country, often must rely on anecdotal evidence from principals and graduates to determine that its programs are working, rather than hard data showing students are performing better.<\/p>\n<p>Conventional wisdom holds that many, if not most, education schools are doing a poor job at training teachers; after all, they have a history of taking in some of the lowest performing students, and student achievement in the United States has stagnated. Nationally, education schools have been criticized for being far too easy and, as a result, pumping ill-equipped teachers into the system and harming student achievement.\u00a0Schools across the country are trying to mitigate the criticism by changing curriculum or increasing the amount of field experience teachers receive.<\/p>\n<p>Florida and several other states are also creating accountability systems so education schools will develop quantitative ways to measure their programs\u2019 success. But for now, teacher preparation remains over-saturated with options\u2015undergraduate degrees, master\u2019s programs, in-school residencies and online courses\u2015that provide little evidence of their effectiveness. And as thousands of Florida\u2019s baby boomer teachers prepare to retire, there is little consensus about how to best train the next generation of teachers.<\/p>\n\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t know of any other profession that has this kind of uncertainty about the kind of preparation needed,\u201d said Arthur Levine, president of the Woodrow Wilson Fellowship program, which provides an alternative pathway to teaching for career switchers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"related-content alignleft\"><h4 class=\"related-header\">Related<\/h4><div class=\"links\"><h5>Posts<\/h5><ul><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/2013\/05\/15\/what-the-florida-teacher-evaluation-lawsuit-could-mean-for-other-states\/\">What The Florida Teacher Evaluation Lawsuit Could Mean For Other States<\/a><\/li><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/2013\/02\/22\/state-analysis-says-teacher-evaluation-data-rates-effective\/\">State Analysis Says Teacher Evaluation Data Rates &#8220;Effective&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class=\"link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/2013\/02\/08\/how-a-c-rated-school-can-be-full-of-effective-teachers\/\">How A C-Rated School Can Be Full of Effective Teachers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"topics\"><h5>Topics<\/h5><p class=\"topic\"><img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2011\/07\/formula-60x60.jpg\" height=\"60\" width=\"60\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/topic\/merit-pay\/\">Does Performance-Based Pay Have Any Merit?<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<h4>&#8220;The Assignments Are Not Easy&#8221;<\/h4>\n<p>The bulk of teachers are still trained in traditional undergraduate colleges of education, which have borne the majority of criticisms. In particular, Levine and others have argued the schools are not rigorous enough and don\u2019t focus enough on the subject matter content\u2014like geometry concepts or Shakespeare\u2014that teachers need to know in order to pass on the knowledge to their students.<\/p>\n<p>The very idea of an \u201ceducation degree\u201d may be an antiquated concept, says Timothy Knowles, director of the <a href=\"http:\/\/uei.uchicago.edu\/about\/staff\/bios\/uei.uchicago.edu\">University of Chicago Urban Education Institute<\/a>. He argues that there is little evidence to show that traditional programs\u2019 focus on pedagogy\u2014including classes on child development and how students learn\u2014helps new teachers succeed in the classroom.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMaybe we should ask some deeper more existential questions about the value of teacher education as it is constructed,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>One <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aei.org\/article\/education\/k-12\/grade-inflation-for-education-majors-and-low-standards-for-teachers\/\">study<\/a>, by Cory Koedel of the University of Missouri, found that undergraduate education schools tend to give higher grades to students than other departments, a finding supported by data that <em>The Hechinger Report<\/em> collected from the University of Central Florida.<\/p>\n<p>Of UCF\u2019s 65 departments, just six, including three small programs run through the dean\u2019s office and the Florida Interactive Entertainment Academy, a graduate video game design program, gave out a higher percentage of As in their classes than the School of Teaching, Learning, and Leadership. According to the UCF data, 73 percent of grades awarded in these teacher training courses from fall 2011 to summer 2012 were As or A minuses, compared to 34 percent in electrical engineering courses and 40 percent in food services and lodging management.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cStudents are graded individually based on their mastery of professional knowledge and skills; there\u2019s no grading on a curve,\u201d UCF spokesperson Courtney Gilmartin said in an email. \u201cIf faculty members do their job well \u2026 every future teacher demonstrates their competencies to the highest level and graduates with the knowledge and skills required to become a highly-effective classroom teacher.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Many education schools across the country similarly argue that grades are a positive reflection of those enrolled in an education school, not a condemnation of them. A good grade doesn\u2019t mean it wasn\u2019t earned, said Mike Rosen, an education student at Daytona State College.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe assignments are not easy,\u201d he said, noting that some keep him up until the early hours of the morning. \u201cBut every single one of them is necessary.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>As an example, Rosen pointed to an assignment in a children\u2019s literature class: he\u2019d been asked to set up his own mock library for an elementary school classroom. He visited schools and interviewed teachers about the libraries they\u2019d designed before choosing the books he would include in his and how he would arrange them.<\/p>\n<p>Arthur McKee, managing director of teacher preparation studies at the National Council on Teacher Qual, a nonprofit advocacy group that has been one of the most vocal critics of teacher preparation programs, says he doesn\u2019t believe that the high GPAs of education students can be explained by excellent professors or extremely dedicated students. \u201cWe think it\u2019s much more possible that the teacher preparation programs are just not holding the candidates themselves to a high enough standard,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>NCTQ has pushed for aggressive education reforms across the country and have targeted teacher preparation programs as institutions in need of drastic changes. This summer, group, in partnership with the U.S. News and World Report, plans to release a <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/edweek\/teacherbeat\/2011\/10\/nctq_teacher_education_study_a.html\">highly controversial<\/a> set of ratings for teacher training programs based on the syllabuses of classes offered at schools of education. Critics of the group\u2019s methodology say the focus on coursework won\u2019t solve the problem of figuring out which schools are producing the best teachers and which aren\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p>Sandy Robinson, dean of UCF\u2019s education program, noted that grades are not the only factor in determining if a student graduates. Before exiting the teacher training program at UCF, students must spent 800 hours in a classroom. Regardless of their grades, they may be counseled out of the education program if they don\u2019t perform well during their internships or student teaching.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s an important part of the responsibility we have,\u201d Robinson said.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18610\"  class=\"wp-caption module image right\" style=\"max-width: 300px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/?attachment_id=18610\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-18610\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18610\" title=\"5-20 LeeAnneSpalding2\" src=\"http:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2013\/05\/5-20-LeeAnneSpalding2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2013\/05\/5-20-LeeAnneSpalding2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/files\/2013\/05\/5-20-LeeAnneSpalding2-620x465.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-media-credit\">John O&#39;Connor \/ StateImpact Florida<\/p><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Central Florida education professor Lee-Anne Spalding uses an interactive white board to shows students how to connect a drill using coins to both math and history. Critics say education programs, such as the one at UCF, have few standards for entry and do not adequately prepare graduates to lead a classroom.<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Grading Education Schools<\/h4>\n<p>Many education school critics say in-classroom experience should be an essential if not the main focus of a teacher training program. Florida requires 10 weeks of full-time student teaching in order to complete a traditional education program. Teacher candidates must also \u201cdemonstrate they can make a positive impact on student learning,\u201d Kathy Hebda, a deputy chancellor at the Florida Department of Education, said. But the law does not specify how that impact must be measured.<\/p>\n<p>Many groups are becoming increasingly concerned about whether it\u2019s possible for programs to demonstrate such impacts from their graduates. Policymakers, including officials in Florida, have turned to student test scores as a means of evidence. But for now, test scores only capture a small fraction of the teachers trained in education schools\u2013although Florida is moving toward end-of-course assessments for all grade levels and subject areas. There are also concerns about the reliability of using standardized tests as a gauge of teacher effectiveness.<\/p>\n<p>Even so, the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation has released a set of contentious new standards, under which programs would have to prove that their graduates were able to raise student test scores. The U.S. Department of Education is working on new requirements for teacher preparation programs to increase accountability based in part on \u201cstudent learning outcomes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At the state level, Louisiana has led the way in searching for ways to measure the performance of preparation programs. In 2007, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.state.tn.us\/thec\/Divisions\/fttt\/12report_card\/PDF%202012%20Reports\/2012%20Report%20Card%20on%20the%20Effectiveness%20of%20Teacher%20Training%20Programs.pdf\">state passed a law<\/a> requiring teacher education programs be assessed, based partially on how the students of their graduates performed on standardized tests<em>.<\/em> The results have prompted some schools to significantly change their programs, but no schools have been shut down or punished by the state so far. A dozen other states, including Florida, also use or plan to use student test scores to rate teacher training programs.<\/p>\n<p>In 2009, Florida began releasing rankings of education schools based on what percentage of a teacher\u2019s students passed the state standardized tests. The state, which promised to improve education school accountability in its Race to the Top grant, has since stopped publishing the results in anticipation of the state\u2019s new teacher evaluation process, which will use student test scores to rate teachers. Instead Florida is developing a new rating system for education schools that covers six areas including student achievement, graduate employment and retention.<\/p>\n<p>The new system won\u2019t differ much from how the state currently oversees teacher preparation. As is now the case, programs that are denied state approval under the new ratings will be given time to improve. But even if they fail to do so, programs will not be shut down. The only consequence will be that the transcripts of the program\u2019s graduates cannot say they completed a state-approved program.<\/p>\n<p>Many education schools say that, regardless of the new requirements, they are always actively seeking to improve. UCF, for instance, has added more classes in reading instruction and English as a Second Language. The school is looking for ways to independently measure the impact of its graduates from all of its programs.<\/p>\n<p>At UCF and Daytona State, faculty members are required to spend a day in a school at least once a semester to keep their pulse on what\u2019s current in education. Both schools, and many others, do principal and alumni surveys, tweaking their courses based on the results.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLike any entity, we want to get better,\u201d Robinson of UCF said. \u201cWe understand that our existence depends on the viability of the graduates we produce.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>This story was produced by <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/hechingerreport.org\/\"><em>The Hechinger Report<\/em><\/a><em>, a nonprofit, nonpartisan education-news outlet affiliated with Teachers College, Columbia University.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Editor&#8217;s note: This post was authored by Sarah Butrymowicz with The Hechinger Report. Lee-Anne Spalding\u2019s Elementary School Social Studies class at the University of Central Florida had spread out over the room in small groups. One group of sophomore college students huddled over a set of poetry books, picking out ones they liked. Others gathered [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":18608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[827,1119,1079,1067,486],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18605"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18605"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18605\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateimpact.npr.org\/florida\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}